Radioembolization, specifically Yttrium-90 Radioembolization, is a medical procedure used in the treatment of liver cancer. It involves the delivery of radioactive microspheres (tiny particles) directly into the blood vessels that supply the tumor in the liver. These microspheres emit radiation that targets and destroys cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It's considered a form of localized radiation therapy. Keep in mind that this is a simplified explanation, and for detailed medical advice, consult a healthcare professional.
Purpose
It's primarily used to treat primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and metastatic liver tumors (cancers that have spread to the liver from other parts of the body).
Procedure
During the procedure, small beads or microspheres are loaded with the radioactive isotope Yttrium-90. These microspheres are then delivered directly into the blood vessels that supply the tumor in the liver.
Radioactive Decay
Yttrium-90 is a radioactive isotope that emits beta radiation. This radiation damages and destroys cancer cells it comes into contact with.
Localized Treatment
The radiation emitted by the Yttrium-90 microspheres has a short range, so it primarily affects the tumor and the immediate surrounding tissue, minimizing damage to healthy liver tissue.
Preparation and Assessment
Prior to the procedure, a thorough evaluation is done to assess the liver's anatomy and function, as well as the extent of the cancer.
Post-Procedure Care
After the treatment, patients are typically monitored for a period to ensure there are no complications. Some side effects may occur, which can vary from person to person.
Effectiveness
Radioembolization can be an effective treatment option, especially for patients with advanced liver cancer or those who may not be suitable candidates for surgery.
Multidisciplinary Approach
It's often part of a comprehensive treatment plan, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, or other therapies, depending on the specific case.
Consultation with Specialists
Decisions regarding radioembolization are typically made by a team of specialists, including interventional radiologists, oncologists, and hepatologists.