Fuda Cancer Hospital — Lung Cancer Care for Chandigarh Patients

If you are in Chandigarh and seeking trusted lung cancer treatment, Fuda Cancer Hospital can support you. Fuda’s main hospital is in Guangzhou, China. For India, Fuda partners with Rekosh Health Care to coordinate consultations, reports and follow-up. There is no full Fuda hospital in Chandigarh, but patients can get online consultations, second opinions, personalised treatment plans and ongoing follow-up. For in-person care and follow-up treatment, Fuda operates two Consultation Centres in India — Mumbai and Noida, which also provide palliative care and treatment coordination. This model gives Chandigarh patients international expertise with local support.

Advanced Lung Cancer Care for Patients Across Chandigarh, Punjab, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh

A diagnosis of lung cancer can be one of the most challenging moments in a person’s life. Along with the emotional impact of hearing the diagnosis, patients and their families are often faced with numerous questions. What type of lung cancer is it? Has it spread? What treatment offers the best chance of success? Should surgery be performed? Are there advanced therapies available? Is it worth seeking a second opinion before beginning treatment?

For patients living in Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, and surrounding regions, these concerns are becoming increasingly common as lung cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Fortunately, remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have transformed the management of lung cancer. Modern oncology now offers highly personalised treatment plans based on tumour biology, genetic mutations, stage of disease, and each patient’s overall health.

Chandigarh serves as an important healthcare hub for North India. Patients from Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and nearby regions frequently travel to Chandigarh for specialised medical care. Cities including Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Bathinda, Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Shimla, Solan, Yamunanagar, and Jammu often refer patients to tertiary care centres for further evaluation and treatment.

Several factors contribute to the growing burden of lung cancer across North India. Cigarette and tobacco smoking remain the leading causes, but increasing exposure to air pollution, industrial emissions, biomass fuel smoke, second-hand smoke, occupational chemicals, and previous lung diseases also play important roles. In addition, a significant number of patients diagnosed today have never smoked, highlighting the influence of genetic and environmental factors.

One of the greatest challenges with lung cancer is that it often develops silently. During the early stages, patients may experience only mild symptoms or none at all. Persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss, hoarseness of voice, or repeated chest infections should never be ignored. Seeking medical advice at an early stage can lead to earlier diagnosis, greater treatment choices, and improved long-term outcomes.

Fuda Cancer Hospital, with its internationally recognised cancer centre in Guangzhou, China, collaborates with Rekosh Health Care in India to support patients seeking expert consultation, multidisciplinary treatment planning, advanced cancer therapies, second opinions, and coordinated follow-up care. Patients from Chandigarh can begin with an online consultation, upload their CT scans, PET-CT images, biopsy reports, and pathology results for expert review, and receive personalised recommendations from experienced oncology specialists. If an in-person evaluation is required, consultation centres in Noida and Mumbai provide additional support and continuity of care.

Modern lung cancer treatment extends far beyond traditional surgery and chemotherapy. Depending on the patient’s diagnosis, treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, Cryotherapy, NanoKnife Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), or a carefully planned combination of these approaches. Every recommendation is based on the type of lung cancer, stage of disease, molecular profile, lung function, and the patient’s individual treatment goals.

This comprehensive guide has been specially prepared for patients from Chandigarh and North India who wish to understand lung cancer in greater detail. It explains the disease from diagnosis through recovery, discusses the latest treatment options, answers frequently asked questions, and provides practical guidance to help patients and families make informed healthcare decisions.

Why Lung Cancer Is Becoming a Growing Health Concern in Chandigarh

Lung cancer has become a significant public health challenge across North India. While smoking remains the most important cause, doctors are increasingly diagnosing lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked. This reflects the influence of multiple environmental, occupational, and genetic factors.

Understanding these risks allows earlier recognition of symptoms and encourages timely medical evaluation.

Smoking and Tobacco Use

Smoking continues to be the single largest risk factor for lung cancer. Cigarettes, beedis, cigars, hookah, and other tobacco products expose the lungs to thousands of harmful chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens. Long-term tobacco use damages lung tissue and significantly increases the likelihood of cancer developing over time.

Even former smokers remain at increased risk for many years after quitting, although stopping smoking greatly reduces future risk.

Air Pollution

Like many rapidly growing urban centres, Chandigarh and surrounding cities experience periods of increased air pollution caused by traffic emissions, industrial activity, and seasonal environmental factors.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and other airborne pollutants may contribute to chronic inflammation of the lungs and increase the risk of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, particularly in people with additional risk factors.

Crop Residue Burning and Biomass Smoke

Seasonal crop residue burning in neighbouring agricultural regions can temporarily worsen air quality across parts of Punjab, Haryana, and Chandigarh.

Similarly, long-term exposure to biomass fuel smoke from wood, crop waste, or traditional cooking fuels may contribute to chronic respiratory irritation and increase the risk of lung disease, especially among individuals with prolonged exposure.

Occupational Exposure

Workers employed in construction, manufacturing, transport, engineering, mining, chemical industries, and heavy industry may be exposed to substances such as asbestos, silica dust, diesel exhaust, industrial fumes, and other hazardous materials.

Without appropriate workplace protection, prolonged exposure to these substances may increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer.

Previous Lung Diseases

Individuals with chronic respiratory illnesses such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, or a previous history of tuberculosis should seek medical attention if persistent respiratory symptoms develop, as these conditions may increase the overall risk of lung cancer.

Family History and Genetic Factors

Although most lung cancers are not directly inherited, a family history of lung cancer may increase an individual’s susceptibility. In addition, specific genetic mutations can influence tumour behaviour and help determine whether targeted therapy or immunotherapy may be appropriate.

Increasing Age

The risk of lung cancer generally increases with age because harmful exposures accumulate over time. However, younger adults can also develop lung cancer, particularly when genetic mutations or environmental factors are involved.

Regardless of age, persistent respiratory symptoms should never be ignored.

Understanding the Lungs

The lungs are essential organs responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide produced during normal metabolism. Every breath allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream, supporting the function of the heart, brain, muscles, and every other organ.

The right lung contains three lobes, while the left lung contains two lobes to accommodate the heart. Air enters through the nose or mouth, passes down the windpipe (trachea), travels through the bronchi, and reaches millions of tiny air sacs known as alveoli. Within these air sacs, oxygen passes into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide is removed during exhalation.

Because the lungs remain in continuous contact with the outside environment, they are exposed daily to cigarette smoke, dust, pollution, industrial chemicals, infectious organisms, and other airborne particles. Over many years, repeated exposure to these harmful substances may damage the DNA of normal lung cells. When this damage accumulates and normal repair mechanisms fail, abnormal cells may begin to grow uncontrollably, eventually forming a tumour.

Lung cancer can remain confined to the lungs during its early stages, but if left untreated, it may spread through the lymphatic system or bloodstream to nearby lymph nodes and distant organs such as the brain, liver, bones, or adrenal glands. This is why early diagnosis and timely treatment are so important.

What Is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells within the lungs begin to grow uncontrollably, eventually forming a tumour. Unlike healthy cells that follow a normal life cycle of growth, repair, and replacement, cancer cells continue multiplying without control. As these abnormal cells increase in number, they can invade surrounding lung tissue, block the airways, spread to nearby lymph nodes, and eventually travel to distant organs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

The lungs are among the most vital organs in the human body. Every minute, they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, supplying oxygen-rich blood to every organ. Because the lungs are constantly exposed to the outside environment, they come into contact with cigarette smoke, industrial pollutants, dust particles, allergens, infectious organisms, and harmful chemicals every day. Continuous exposure to these substances over many years can damage the DNA inside lung cells. If these damaged cells escape the body’s natural repair mechanisms, they may gradually transform into cancer.

One of the reasons lung cancer is considered a serious disease is that it often develops silently. During the early stages, many patients experience few or no symptoms. By the time persistent symptoms appear, the disease may already have progressed. This makes awareness, early diagnosis, and timely medical evaluation extremely important.

Fortunately, advances in medical science have transformed lung cancer treatment. Today, modern imaging, molecular testing, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, and multidisciplinary cancer care allow treatment to be tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient’s disease.

Types of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is broadly classified into different types based on how the cancer cells appear under a microscope and how they behave biologically. Determining the exact type of lung cancer is one of the first and most important steps in planning treatment.

Each type grows differently, spreads differently, and responds differently to treatment.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases worldwide.

Compared with Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC generally grows more slowly and offers more treatment options, particularly when diagnosed early.

Modern treatment for NSCLC is highly individualised and often includes molecular testing to identify genetic mutations that may respond to targeted medicines.

NSCLC is divided into three major subtypes.

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed form of lung cancer.

It usually develops in the outer regions of the lungs and has become increasingly common among people who have never smoked.

Many patients have very few symptoms during the early stages, making regular evaluation of persistent respiratory symptoms especially important.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent cough

• Breathlessness

• Chest discomfort

• Fatigue

• Weight loss

Because adenocarcinoma often contains specific genetic alterations, doctors frequently recommend molecular testing for mutations such as:

• EGFR

• ALK

• ROS1

• KRAS

• BRAF

• MET

• RET

These results help determine whether targeted therapy may be an appropriate treatment option.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma develops within the larger airways of the lungs and is strongly associated with long-term tobacco smoking.

Patients often present with symptoms earlier because these tumours develop close to the main bronchi.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent cough

• Blood in sputum

• Wheezing

• Chest pain

• Recurrent chest infections

• Breathlessness

Treatment depends on the stage of disease and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or combinations of these treatments.

Large Cell Carcinoma

Large Cell Carcinoma is a less common subtype of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

It can arise anywhere within the lungs and often grows more rapidly than other forms of NSCLC.

Because this subtype may spread earlier, prompt diagnosis and treatment are especially important.

Treatment is determined by:

• Tumour size

• Stage

• Molecular profile

• Patient’s overall health

• Lung function

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

Small Cell Lung Cancer represents approximately 10–15% of lung cancer cases.

Unlike NSCLC, SCLC tends to grow very quickly and frequently spreads to other organs before symptoms become severe.

Common sites of spread include:

• Brain

• Liver

• Bones

• Adrenal glands

• Lymph nodes

Although surgery is less commonly performed, many patients respond well to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, particularly when treatment begins early.

Metastatic Lung Cancer

Metastatic lung cancer refers to lung cancer that has spread beyond the lungs.

Cancer cells may travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system and establish tumours in other parts of the body.

Common sites include:

• Brain

• Bones

• Liver

• Adrenal glands

• Distant lymph nodes

Although metastatic lung cancer is generally more complex to treat, advances in personalised medicine, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and supportive care have significantly improved treatment outcomes and quality of life for many patients.

Early Symptoms of Lung Cancer

The symptoms of lung cancer vary from one patient to another. Some people experience only mild symptoms during the early stages, while others remain symptom-free until the disease has progressed.

Many early symptoms resemble common respiratory illnesses, leading patients to delay medical evaluation.

Anyone experiencing symptoms that persist for more than two to three weeks should seek medical advice.

Persistent Cough

A cough that continues for several weeks or gradually worsens is one of the earliest warning signs of lung cancer.

Many smokers assume that a chronic cough is normal and therefore ignore changes in its pattern.

Any persistent or changing cough deserves medical evaluation.

Coughing Up Blood

Blood in sputum should never be ignored.

Although respiratory infections may occasionally produce blood-stained sputum, lung cancer is one of the important conditions that must be ruled out.

Even small amounts of blood require prompt medical assessment.

Chest Pain

Persistent chest pain may develop when a tumour involves the lining of the lungs or nearby structures.

Patients often describe the pain as:

• Dull

• Persistent

• Worse during coughing

• Worse during deep breathing

• Worse during physical activity

Shortness of Breath

Difficulty breathing may occur when:

• A tumour blocks an airway

• Lung tissue collapses

• Fluid accumulates around the lungs

• Overall lung function decreases

Initially, breathlessness may only occur while climbing stairs or walking longer distances but can gradually worsen over time.

Wheezing

Persistent wheezing without a previous history of asthma or allergies should always be evaluated.

A tumour narrowing the airway may produce a whistling sound during breathing.

Hoarseness

Tumours located near nerves controlling the vocal cords may cause:

• Persistent hoarseness

• Voice changes

• Difficulty speaking loudly

Hoarseness lasting longer than three weeks requires medical assessment.

Repeated Chest Infections

Patients who develop recurrent pneumonia or bronchitis involving the same region of the lung may have an underlying airway obstruction caused by a tumour.

Repeated infections should never be ignored.

Fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is different from ordinary tiredness.

Patients often experience:

• Persistent exhaustion

• Reduced energy

• Difficulty performing daily activities

• Lack of improvement despite adequate rest

Unexplained Weight Loss

Unexpected weight loss without dieting or increased exercise is an important warning sign.

It may be accompanied by:

• Poor appetite

• Muscle loss

• Weakness

• General decline in health

Bone Pain

When lung cancer spreads to the bones, patients may experience persistent pain involving:

• Spine

• Ribs

• Shoulder

• Hip

• Pelvis

Bone pain that does not improve with routine treatment should be investigated.

Headaches and Neurological Symptoms

Cancer that spreads to the brain may cause:

• Persistent headaches

• Dizziness

• Blurred vision

• Weakness

• Difficulty walking

• Seizures

These symptoms require urgent medical evaluation.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lung cancer develops because of a combination of environmental exposures, lifestyle habits, ageing, and genetic changes.

Although smoking remains the leading cause, many patients diagnosed today have never smoked.

Major risk factors include:

• Cigarette smoking

• Beedi smoking

• Hookah smoking

• Second-hand smoke

• Air pollution

• Crop residue smoke

• Biomass fuel exposure

• Industrial dust

• Asbestos exposure

• Silica dust

• Diesel exhaust

• Radon gas

• Previous tuberculosis

• COPD

• Pulmonary fibrosis

• Family history of lung cancer

• Increasing age

• Genetic mutations

For residents of Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, Punjab, Haryana, and neighbouring regions, prolonged exposure to urban pollution, industrial environments, and seasonal agricultural smoke may contribute to respiratory health risks.

Who Is at Higher Risk?

The following individuals should pay particular attention to persistent respiratory symptoms:

• Current smokers

• Former smokers

• Adults over 50 years of age

• People exposed to second-hand smoke

• Workers in construction, transport, manufacturing, mining, and chemical industries

• Individuals with COPD or previous tuberculosis

• People with a family history of lung cancer

• Residents with prolonged exposure to air pollution or biomass smoke

Being at higher risk does not mean a person will definitely develop lung cancer. However, awareness of these factors encourages earlier medical evaluation and timely diagnosis, which can improve treatment options and long-term outcomes.

When Should You Consult a Lung Cancer Specialist?

Many people ignore persistent respiratory symptoms because they believe they are caused by seasonal infections, allergies, smoking, pollution, or ageing. Unfortunately, delaying medical evaluation may allow lung cancer to progress before it is diagnosed.

Early diagnosis remains one of the most important factors influencing successful treatment. Patients diagnosed during the early stages generally have more treatment options and better long-term outcomes than those diagnosed after the disease has spread.

If you live in Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala, Ambala, Karnal, Shimla, Solan, or nearby regions, you should seek medical advice if you experience:

• A cough lasting more than three weeks

• Coughing up blood

• Persistent chest pain

• Increasing shortness of breath

• Hoarseness of voice

• Wheezing without asthma

• Recurrent pneumonia or chest infections

• Unexplained weight loss

• Persistent fatigue

• Bone pain or headaches associated with respiratory symptoms

Seeking medical advice does not necessarily mean that you have lung cancer, but timely evaluation allows doctors to identify the cause and begin appropriate treatment if needed.

How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

Modern lung cancer diagnosis involves much more than identifying a tumour on an X-ray. Today’s specialists combine advanced imaging, tissue biopsy, pathology, molecular testing, and multidisciplinary assessment to accurately diagnose the disease and develop an individualised treatment plan.

Patients from Chandigarh can undergo most investigations locally before obtaining an expert review or second opinion.

Medical History and Physical Examination

The diagnostic process begins with a detailed consultation.

Your doctor may ask about:

• Duration of symptoms

• Smoking history

• Exposure to second-hand smoke

• Occupational exposure

• Previous tuberculosis

• COPD or chronic lung disease

• Family history of cancer

• Weight loss

• Appetite changes

• Current medications

• Previous treatments

A physical examination may also identify enlarged lymph nodes, abnormal breathing sounds, reduced oxygen levels, or other findings that require additional investigation.

Chest X-ray

A chest X-ray is often the first investigation performed when lung cancer is suspected.

Although it cannot detect every lung tumour, it helps identify abnormalities such as:

• Lung masses

• Persistent pneumonia

• Lung collapse

• Fluid around the lungs

• Enlarged lymph nodes

If an abnormality is identified, further imaging is usually recommended.

CT Scan (Computed Tomography)

A CT scan provides highly detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs and chest.

Compared with a standard X-ray, CT imaging provides much greater detail regarding:

• Tumour size

• Exact tumour location

• Airway involvement

• Blood vessel involvement

• Enlarged lymph nodes

• Spread within the chest

CT scans also help doctors determine whether surgery, biopsy, or additional investigations are required.

PET-CT Scan

PET-CT combines Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography.

Before the scan, a small amount of radioactive glucose is injected into the bloodstream.

Because cancer cells consume glucose more rapidly than normal tissues, they appear as areas of increased activity.

PET-CT helps specialists determine:

• Whether cancer has spread

• Lymph node involvement

• Suitability for surgery

• Treatment response

• Possible recurrence after treatment

PET-CT has become one of the most valuable investigations in modern lung cancer staging.

MRI Scan

MRI is usually recommended when doctors suspect that lung cancer has spread to the brain, spine, or other soft tissues.

MRI provides excellent detail of the nervous system and is particularly useful in patients experiencing:

• Persistent headaches

• Dizziness

• Weakness

• Seizures

• Vision changes

Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows specialists to examine the inside of the airways using a flexible camera.

During bronchoscopy doctors can:

• Inspect the airways

• Identify tumours

• Collect biopsy samples

• Remove secretions

• Evaluate airway narrowing

The procedure is usually performed under sedation, and most patients return home the same day.

Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS)

EBUS combines bronchoscopy with ultrasound imaging.

It enables specialists to evaluate lymph nodes deep inside the chest and obtain biopsy samples without major surgery.

This investigation plays an important role in accurate staging and treatment planning.

CT-Guided Needle Biopsy

When a tumour is located near the outer part of the lung, doctors may recommend a CT-guided biopsy.

Using CT imaging for guidance, a fine needle is inserted through the chest wall to collect a tissue sample.

This sample is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist.

Histopathology

A biopsy provides the definitive diagnosis of lung cancer.

The pathology report identifies:

• Type of lung cancer

• Tumour grade

• Cell characteristics

• Additional features that influence treatment planning

Without biopsy confirmation, it is generally not possible to establish a definite diagnosis.

Molecular Testing

One of the biggest advances in modern oncology is molecular profiling.

Instead of simply identifying the cancer under a microscope, specialists now analyse specific genetic changes within tumour cells.

Common biomarkers include:

• EGFR

• ALK

• ROS1

• KRAS

• BRAF

• MET

• RET

• NTRK

• PD-L1

Patients with these biomarkers may benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Molecular testing has become an essential part of personalised treatment planning for many patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Liquid Biopsy

Liquid biopsy is a blood test that detects tumour DNA circulating within the bloodstream.

It may be useful:

• When tissue biopsy is difficult

• For additional genetic testing

• To monitor treatment response

• To evaluate suspected recurrence

Although not appropriate for every patient, liquid biopsy has become an increasingly valuable tool in precision cancer care.

Understanding Lung Cancer Staging

Once lung cancer has been diagnosed, specialists determine how far the disease has spread.

This process is known as staging.

Accurate staging is essential because treatment recommendations vary significantly between early-stage and advanced disease.

Stage 0

Cancer cells remain confined to the inner lining of the airways without invading deeper tissues.

Treatment at this stage often provides excellent long-term outcomes.

Stage I

Cancer remains confined to the lung without lymph node involvement.

Many patients are suitable candidates for surgery or other treatments with curative intent.

Stage II

The tumour may be larger or involve nearby lymph nodes.

Treatment often combines surgery with chemotherapy and, in selected patients, radiation therapy.

Stage III

Cancer has spread to lymph nodes within the chest or nearby structures.

Management usually includes a combination of:

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation therapy

• Immunotherapy

• Surgery in carefully selected patients

Treatment decisions require multidisciplinary discussion.

Stage IV

Stage IV indicates that lung cancer has spread beyond the lungs to distant organs such as the brain, liver, bones, or adrenal glands.

Although Stage IV disease is generally not considered curable, advances in targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and supportive care have significantly improved survival and quality of life for many patients.

Personalised Treatment Planning

No two patients have exactly the same lung cancer.

Treatment recommendations are based on:

• Type of lung cancer

• Stage of disease

• Molecular profile

• Patient’s age

• General health

• Lung function

• Previous treatments

• Individual treatment goals

Patients from Chandigarh seeking a second opinion through Fuda Cancer Hospital can have their CT scans, PET-CT images, pathology reports, and molecular testing reviewed by a multidisciplinary oncology team. This collaborative approach ensures that treatment recommendations are tailored to each patient’s diagnosis and overall health, helping them make informed decisions before beginning therapy.

Advanced Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

Modern lung cancer treatment has evolved significantly over the past two decades. Today, treatment is no longer based solely on the size of the tumour. Specialists consider multiple factors, including the type of lung cancer, stage of disease, molecular profile, lung function, age, overall health, and the patient’s treatment goals before recommending a personalised care plan.

For patients from Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, and neighbouring regions, modern oncology provides access to a wide range of treatment options that may be used individually or in combination. A multidisciplinary team carefully evaluates each case to determine the most appropriate strategy.

Surgery for Lung Cancer

Surgery remains one of the most effective treatments for patients diagnosed with early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The objective is to completely remove the tumour while preserving as much healthy lung tissue as possible.

Before recommending surgery, doctors assess:

• Stage of the disease

• Tumour size and location

• Lung function

• Heart health

• Overall fitness for surgery

• Presence of other medical conditions

Types of Lung Cancer Surgery

Wedge Resection

A wedge resection removes the tumour together with a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue. It may be suitable for very small tumours or patients with limited lung function.

Segmentectomy

This procedure removes one anatomical segment of the lung instead of an entire lobe. It preserves more healthy lung tissue while providing effective treatment in selected patients.

Lobectomy

A lobectomy removes one complete lobe of the lung and remains the standard surgical treatment for many early-stage lung cancers.

Pneumonectomy

In selected situations where the tumour involves a large portion of the lung or major airways, removal of the entire lung may be necessary. Although it is a major procedure, many patients recover well with appropriate rehabilitation.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer medicines to destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body.

It may be recommended:

• Before surgery (Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy)

• After surgery (Adjuvant Chemotherapy)

• Alongside radiation therapy

• For advanced or metastatic lung cancer

• To help control symptoms and improve quality of life

Treatment is usually given in cycles, allowing the body time to recover between sessions.

Common Side Effects

Modern supportive medicines help reduce many chemotherapy-related side effects.

Possible side effects include:

• Fatigue

• Nausea and vomiting

• Temporary hair loss

• Reduced immunity

• Mouth ulcers

• Loss of appetite

• Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet

Not every patient experiences these effects, and many are temporary and manageable.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses carefully targeted high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

It may be recommended:

• As the primary treatment when surgery is not possible

• Before surgery to reduce tumour size

• After surgery to lower the risk of recurrence

• Combined with chemotherapy

• To relieve symptoms in advanced disease

Modern Radiation Techniques

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

IMRT delivers radiation from multiple angles while adjusting the intensity of each beam. This allows precise treatment of the tumour while protecting nearby healthy tissues.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)

SBRT delivers very high doses of radiation with exceptional precision over a limited number of treatment sessions. It may be suitable for selected patients with small, localised tumours who are not candidates for surgery.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy has transformed the treatment of many patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Unlike chemotherapy, targeted therapy specifically attacks cancer cells carrying certain genetic mutations while minimising effects on many normal cells.

Before treatment, molecular testing helps identify biomarkers such as:

• EGFR

• ALK

• ROS1

• KRAS

• BRAF

• MET

• RET

• NTRK

Patients with these mutations may benefit from medicines designed specifically for these genetic changes.

Potential Advantages

• Personalised treatment

• Often available as oral medication

• Different side-effect profile compared with chemotherapy

• Effective disease control in selected patients

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy helps the body’s own immune system recognise and destroy cancer cells.

Cancer cells often evade the immune system by using protective mechanisms. Immunotherapy blocks these mechanisms, enabling immune cells to attack the tumour more effectively.

Doctors may perform PD-L1 testing or other biomarker assessments before recommending immunotherapy.

It may be used:

• Alone

• Combined with chemotherapy

• Following chemotherapy and radiation

• For advanced lung cancer

• In selected patients after surgery

Cryotherapy (Cryoablation)

Cryotherapy, also known as Cryosurgery or Cryoablation, is a minimally invasive treatment that destroys cancer cells using extremely low temperatures.

Under imaging guidance, a specialised probe is placed within or near the tumour. Controlled freezing and thawing cycles damage the cancer cells while preserving much of the surrounding healthy tissue.

Potential benefits include:

• Minimally invasive treatment

• Reduced blood loss

• Smaller incision

• Faster recovery

• Preservation of healthy lung tissue in selected cases

Suitability depends on tumour size, location, and overall clinical assessment.

NanoKnife Irreversible Electroporation (IRE)

NanoKnife IRE is an advanced technology that uses carefully controlled electrical pulses rather than heat or freezing to destroy selected tumours.

The electrical pulses create microscopic openings in cancer cell membranes, leading to cell death while helping preserve nearby blood vessels, nerves, and other vital structures.

For selected patients whose tumours are close to important anatomical structures, NanoKnife IRE may provide an additional treatment option as part of an individualised care plan.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery after lung cancer treatment varies according to the type of treatment received and the patient’s overall health.

Recovery may include:

• Pulmonary rehabilitation

• Breathing exercises

• Gradual return to physical activity

• Smoking cessation support

• Nutritional counselling

• Regular follow-up imaging

• Symptom monitoring

• Emotional support

Many patients regain confidence and improve their quality of life with structured rehabilitation programmes.

Nutrition During Lung Cancer Treatment

Proper nutrition supports healing, maintains muscle strength, and helps the body tolerate treatment.

General recommendations include:

• Eat small, frequent meals.

• Include protein-rich foods such as eggs, fish, pulses, lean meat, paneer, tofu, and dairy products.

• Consume plenty of fruits and vegetables.

• Stay well hydrated.

• Limit processed foods and excessive sugar.

• Seek advice from a dietitian if appetite decreases or swallowing becomes difficult.

Why Chandigarh Patients Choose Fuda Cancer Hospital

Patients from Chandigarh and surrounding regions often seek expert guidance to better understand their diagnosis and explore all available treatment options.

Through its collaboration with Rekosh Health Care in India, Fuda Cancer Hospital offers:

• Expert second opinions

• Multidisciplinary case review

• Personalised treatment planning

• Review of CT scans, PET-CT scans, and pathology reports

• Guidance on advanced therapies

• Follow-up care coordination

• Consultation support through Noida and Mumbai centres

Treatment Journey for Patients from Chandigarh

Step 1 – Book an Expert Consultation

Patients can begin with an online or in-person consultation to discuss their diagnosis and symptoms.

Step 2 – Submit Medical Reports

The team reviews CT scans, PET-CT scans, biopsy reports, pathology reports, molecular testing, and previous treatment records.

Step 3 – Multidisciplinary Evaluation

Specialists assess the type of cancer, stage, molecular profile, and overall health before preparing a personalised treatment recommendation.

Step 4 – Treatment Planning

An individualised plan is developed, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, Cryotherapy, NanoKnife IRE, or supportive care.

Step 5 – Long-Term Follow-up

Patients continue with scheduled reviews, imaging, rehabilitation, nutritional support, and symptom monitoring.

Lung Cancer Treatment Cost

Treatment costs vary depending on:

• Cancer stage

• Diagnostic investigations

• Hospital stay

• Surgical complexity

• Medicines

• Targeted therapy or immunotherapy

• Follow-up care

Approximate estimates:

Prevention Tips

Although lung cancer cannot always be prevented, the following measures may reduce the overall risk:

• Stop smoking and avoid all tobacco products.

• Stay away from second-hand smoke.

• Reduce exposure to air pollution where possible.

• Use protective equipment if exposed to industrial dust or chemicals.

• Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.

• Seek medical evaluation for persistent respiratory symptoms.

• Attend regular health check-ups if you have significant risk factors.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can non-smokers develop lung cancer?

Yes. Lung cancer can occur in non-smokers because of genetic factors, passive smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure, or previous lung disease.

2. Is lung cancer curable?

Some early-stage lung cancers can be treated with curative intent. Outcomes depend on the type of cancer, stage, and response to treatment.

3. What are the earliest symptoms?

Persistent cough, breathlessness, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, hoarseness, and unexplained weight loss.

4. Is surgery always necessary?

No. Treatment depends on the stage and type of lung cancer. Some patients receive chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy instead.

5. What is molecular testing?

It identifies genetic mutations such as EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and others that may guide targeted treatment.

6. What is immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy stimulates the body’s immune system to recognise and attack cancer cells.

7. What is Cryotherapy?

Cryotherapy destroys selected tumours using extremely low temperatures through a minimally invasive procedure.

8. What is NanoKnife IRE?

NanoKnife IRE uses electrical pulses to destroy selected tumours while helping preserve nearby healthy structures.

9. Can I get a second opinion?

Yes. Many patients seek a second opinion before starting treatment to better understand their diagnosis and available options.

10. Can treatment begin after an online consultation?

Many patients begin with an online consultation and report review before deciding on further investigations or treatment.

Conclusion

Advances in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment have created more opportunities for personalised care than ever before. Early diagnosis, accurate staging, molecular testing, and multidisciplinary treatment planning enable doctors to select therapies that are best suited to each patient’s condition.

For patients in Chandigarh and across North India, seeking timely medical advice and understanding all available treatment options are important first steps. Whether you have recently been diagnosed, are considering a second opinion, or wish to explore advanced therapies, expert guidance can help you make informed decisions with confidence.

Schedule Your Consultation

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with lung cancer, you can begin by requesting an expert consultation through Rekosh Health Care, the India partner supporting patient coordination with Fuda Cancer Hospital.

Our team can assist with:

• Expert second opinions

• Medical report review

• Personalised treatment planning

• Guidance on advanced treatment options

• Follow-up care coordination

Early consultation can help you better understand your diagnosis and explore the most appropriate treatment options for your individual condition.